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- <text id=94TT1507>
- <title>
- Oct. 31, 1994: Business:On the Money
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Oct. 31, 1994 New Hope for Public Schools
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ON THE MONEY, Page 51
- The War on Gobbledygook
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By John Rothchild
- </p>
- <p> The new chairman of the securities and exchange Commission,
- Arthur Levitt, wants to take the confusion out of investing,
- and his crusade is raising eyebrows on Wall Street--which
- until now has managed to make investing as confusing as possible.
- </p>
- <p> Beginning this week, you can call the new SEC hotline (1-800-SEC-0330)
- and get prerecorded answers to a variety of questions about
- stocks, bonds and mutual funds. But Levitt has more ambitious
- plans, starting with how to get the straight story out of your
- stockbroker.
- </p>
- <p> As it stands now, broker-client is the most one-sided of all
- human relationships. Before you can open an account, brokers
- make you fill out a questionnaire in which you must reveal your
- net worth (something you wouldn't tell your best friend) and
- whether you are a gambler or a tightwad--all in the interest
- of designing a custom-made portfolio. At the end of this inquisition
- the broker knows a great deal about you, whereas you know almost
- nothing about the broker. Then you hand over your life's savings
- to this total stranger.
- </p>
- <p> Levitt thinks the broker should answer a few questions on his
- own, such as, "Have you ever been censured or reprimanded or
- been a party to an arbitration settlement?" and "What's in it
- for you?" The broker may be getting commissions the client doesn't
- even know about: extra bonuses for selling the in-house mutual
- funds or free trips to Hawaii for selling the "product of the
- week." Did you realize, for instance, that a broker who switches
- firms is often rewarded with a double commission on whatever
- he buys and sells during his first few months on the new job?
- This explains why the stock he told you to buy when he worked
- at Dean Witter, he wants you to sell when he gets to Smith Barney.
- </p>
- <p> If Levitt had his way, the commission system would be abolished
- altogether and all brokers put on salary so they could give
- the disinterested advice they're supposed to be giving. Short
- of that, he would settle for taking the gobbledygook out of
- mutual-fund literature.
- </p>
- <p> Several states, in their homegrown securities offices, have
- been teaching consumers how to decipher what mutual funds are
- saying. These education projects are funded with fines and settlements
- paid by Wall Street firms that on occasion landed on the wrong
- side of the law: Prudential, Salomon Brothers and the old Drexel
- Burnham Lambert. Getting hoodwinkers to bankroll a program to
- train investors to avoid being hoodwinked has a nice symmetry
- to it. Levitt, meanwhile, is taking consumer education to the
- national level. The sec has recently published a useful pamphlet,
- Invest Wisely, that demystifies the mutual fund, but Levitt's
- real goal is to get the mutual funds to demystify themselves.
- </p>
- <p> This year the Public Advocate for the City of New York studied
- 30 typical prospectuses and found a rich harvest of obfuscation,
- especially when it came to the fees, to the risks being taken
- by the funds and to the descriptions of how well the funds performed.
- "A dense set of numbers with technical subheadings and little
- or no explanation" is how the Advocate's office described these
- documents.
- </p>
- <p> To show how a prospectus can be improved, Levitt took a typically
- dense paragraph, shown here, and asked Warren Buffett--America's
- most successful stock picker--to translate it into simple
- English. Suddenly, the fog lifted.
- </p>
- <p> Maybe that's what the industry should do--hire Buffett to
- write all the mutual-fund prospectuses so investors would know
- what it was they were buying. And here's another idea: if we've
- got food labels and energy labels, why not an investment label?
- That's a proposal being floated by the Advocate's office. Fees
- and commissions, the performance of the fund, the risk rating
- and a short explanation of the strategy--including any extra
- risks the fund is taking with, say, derivatives--could all
- be included on the label. Maybe there could also be a generic
- fund warning INVESTING CAN BE HAZARDOUS TO YOUR WEALTH, AND
- SHOULD NOT BE COMBINED WITH ALCOHOL.
- </p>
- <p> So far, the industry has expressed a willingness to cooperate
- with Levitt, and half a dozen or so funds have decided to try
- communicating in English. Many of the "conservative" bond funds
- have got heat from investors who lost money in 1994 and are
- saying they didn't understand what they had invested in. The
- managers of these funds have learned that an uninformed consumer
- can easily turn into a hostile consumer.
- </p>
- <p> If Levitt succeeds, we'll soon see the day when investors know
- as much about how to invest their life's savings as they do
- about how to buy toaster ovens and tires. But good writing alone
- won't solve the biggest confusion with mutual funds: there are
- too many of them. At current count we've got twice as many funds
- as there are stocks on the New York Stock Exchange. Getting
- rid of a few thousand would be a big help.
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-